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Stories from the History of Science Museum, University of Oxford

Astrolabes

Articles about astrolabes

Young Producers Curating Prayer: A display in the Islamic World collection

24 September 2019 by Emily Algar Leave a Comment

Over the last year the Young Producers voluntary group at the History of Science Museum, made up of Ellie Martin and Sam Hudson, has been working with the collection of scientific instruments from the Islamic World display in the top gallery creating new designs based upon feedback from an earlier public consultation project Curate, run by the learning team, which enabled us to identify specific objectives needed for the improvement of the interpretation of the Islamic World collection.

This collection contains many unique instruments including astrolabes. The History of Science Museum holds the largest collection of astrolabes in the world, so we thought it important that these beautifully crafted scientific instruments were highlighted in a more modern and accessible way.

The current display had remained largely the same for at least 20 years and desperately needed a revamp to make it more vibrant and engaging. Previous interventions by our group had added new information cards and a map, but this time we hoped to do something more ambitious.

Figure 1: The Islamic instruments case before the intervention.

As a group the Young Producers narrowed down some core themes that we wanted to reinterpret with our new displays; craftsmanship, religion and science, cosmology, diversity and knowledge exchange. In groups of two or three we split our work. Our group consisted of Sam Hudson, Ellie Martin and Phoebe Homer, and together we chose to develop an intervention on the functional aspects of the instruments; specifically, how they would be used when performing daily prayer within Islam.

In the cabinet, there already existed a small section that dealt with this theme (figure 2). However, we saw a few problems with it. Firstly, despite mentioning how some astrolabes contained prayer lines and gazetteers that would help you find the times for prayer and the direction of Mecca (qibla), neither were visible. This was because the front (rete) and plates (tympans) of the astrolabes had not been removed and so obscured the visitors’ view of both. Also, as the astrolabes were fairly small, any close study of them was difficult. We also felt that the current display lacked a fundamental human element, which made it hard for the viewer to connect to the objects. For instruments that were so crucial for facilitating Islamic beliefs, we decided that this was something that needed to be altered. Lastly, we agreed that the current labels were too complicated making them inaccessible, and that the whole display needed to be more eye-catching. Our section of the case is located right next to the gallery door and we wanted to utilise this location, providing a vibrant, engaging display that will draw the visitors’ attention.

Figure 2: The old display that covered prayer (bottom shelf).

To solve the first problem, we chose two new astrolabes to add to the display. The first – astrolabe 47714 (figure 3) – could be displayed with its rete removed so that the clear prayer lines for the 5 daily prayers could be seen. The second – astrolabe 35313 (figure 4) – had a beautiful gazetteer listing the direction of Mecca for 46 locations. This could be displayed with both its rete and its tympans removed so that the gazetteer was visible on the back. Additionally, an enlarged image of 35313 was planned so that visitors could clearly see the cities marked on the gazetteer with translations of their Arabic names. For the translations we sought support from the Multaka Project, a mixed group of Syrian and other forced migrants volunteering with the History of Science Museum. They were incredibly helpful in helping with all aspects of the display and Rana Ibrahim, Collections Officer for the project, was really supportive offering advice and translation. These initial changes helped to make the display more accessible and easily understood.

  • Figure 3: The plate from astrolabe 47714 showing prayer lines for the five daily prayers.
  • Figure 4: Astrolabe 35313 displayed without its’ rete and plates so the gazetteer is visible on the mater.

To give the display a more human touch we decided to include not only historical artefacts, but some contemporary objects. This included a modern prayer mat, prayer beads, a Qur’an and a contemporary Qibla indicator (figure 5). A Qibla indicator is a modified compass (figure 6) that points the user in the direction of Mecca. By adding a contemporary version we aimed to demonstrate the continuity of Islamic practice over time.

Finally, we re-designed the back panel, on which we planned to incorporate Islamic geometric designs (which involved many failed sketching attempts!). Thanks to the creativity of the Museum’s in-house designer, Keiko Ikeuchi, we included not only patterns, but an image that demonstrates Islamic prayer. The prayer mat was our last addition to the case. In order for it to be included, conservation required it to be frozen for two weeks to kill off any insect contaminants. Once it was in, it added an aspect to the display that catches your attention immediately and worked well with the prayer beads and Qur’an placed on top.

  • Figure 5: A contemporary plastic Qibla indicator
  • Figure 6: A Qibla indicator from the collection used in the display

After around six months’ work, we installed the display on the 30th August (figure 7). We hope that you agree that the space appears more vibrant and eye-catching than before. The contemporary objects were placed upon the prayer mat, along with two Qibla indicators, to give that section of the display a more casual, personal appearance. All of the labels were rewritten so that they were engaging and informative but accessible, with an enlarged and more modern font. Islamic patterns were included on the base panel and, a last-minute addition, we included a standing label about the first Muslim astronaut in space provoking the visitor to imagine how a Muslim might pray in space! We felt that this extra, fun bit of information would make a contemporary link with the new display helping visitors to engage with the content.

Figure 7: Our finished display.

After such a long process, we are so happy to see our ideas become a reality. As a group we agree that the end result far exceeds what we imagined in our minds (and pages and pages of rough drawings!). Depending upon time and resources, we are hoping to add more new displays to the cabinet inspired by other groups from the Young Producers. The combined effect should bring a completely fresh interpretation to the objects, and we are all really excited to see how this project evolves. We would like to thank all of those at HSM who helped us along with way, particularly Chris Parkin (organiser of the Young Producers programme), Rana Ibrahim (Multaka Project) and Keiko Ikeuchi for the beautiful graphic designwork.

Sam and Ellie (Young Producers) at the private viewing on 5th September 2019

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Posted in: Astrolabes, Uncategorized Tagged: astrolabe, curate, History of Science Museum, islamic instruments, Museums in Oxford, young producers

My favourite object: an Islamic astrolabe

4 June 2019 by Robyn Haggard Leave a Comment

Rana Ibrahim, the Museum’s Collections Project Officer (Multaka-Oxford), tells us about her favourite object, an astrolabe engraved with a Quranic verse.


I am the Collections Project Officer on the Esmée Fairbairn-funded Multaka-Oxford project, an inclusive volunteering project which works with local people and partners at the History of Science Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum. As Collections Officer I work mostly with the Islamic scientific instruments at the History of Science Museum. This includes astrolabes and Qibla indicators. I am working to make them more accessible and interesting to all our visitors.

Astrolabe with green prayer beads and red cloth handle.

One of my favourite objects at the Museum is this astrolabe by Khalil Muhammad ibn Hasan `Ali. It was made in about 1700. One of the reasons I admire it is because of the Quranic inscription of ‘Ayat Al- Kursi’ (The Throne Verse) engraved on the brass, which is a very significant verse in the Quran. It is one of the verses that all Muslims memorise by heart and read after each prayer to strengthen their connection to Allah. I also love the prayer beads attached to the astrolabe, which makes me think that the person who used it could have been an Imam of a mosque. Prayer beads (misbaha) are very important to Muslims as they help focus and calm the mind before and after prayer.

What is an astrolabe? They are astronomical tools invented by the ancient Greeks and further developed in the Islamic world from the 700s onwards. It is said that they have over 100 uses. One of the many uses for Muslims was to find the five prayer times in a day and also to calculate the date for Islamic months such as Ramadan.

In 2019, Ramadan started on 6 May and it will end on today (Tuesday 4 June). This Ramadan I would like to wish you all a very pleasant month and a happy and healthy year of 1440 Hijri. Remember, it’s a magical month for everyone on earth and may all your wishes come true in time, Inshallah. Make some wishes and Eid Mubarak!


Winning awards

Rana with the Museums + Heritage award.

In May the Multaka-Oxford Team won the Museums + Heritage Award for Volunteer Team of the Year! Talking about the Volunteer Team, Diane Lees (Chair of the 2019 judging panel) said “the genuine mutual benefit to both organisation and volunteer is clear to see … They have shared their experience, insight and expertise to collaborate and to reach new audiences, helping the museums to be more relevant and accessible to their communities.”

Not only did they win Volunteer Team of the Year, Multaka-Oxford was also Highly Commended for Partnership of the Year. The project has partners from across the city and beyond. Together our work is stronger – thank you Asylum Welcome, Refugee Resource, Syrian Sisters, Connection Support, Oxford City Council, Aspire Oxford and Sanctuary Hosting, and the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation Collection Fund who have made the project possible.

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Posted in: Astrolabes, Collections, Multaka-Oxford Tagged: astrolabe, favourite object, islam, multaka-oxford

The Museum and the City

27 July 2018 by Robyn Haggard Leave a Comment

Rachel and Thabo standing in a large sports hall behind a table of Museum handling objects. Thabo is holding a shield and Rachel is holding a type of flask.

Rachel and Thabo representing Multaka-Oxford at Oxford Mela 2018 Blackbird Leys Leisure Centre

The Multaka-Oxford team have had an amazing few months and the project is developing rapidly. In this post they talk about their work inside and outside of the Museum, and highlight some of their favourite objects.

**

In the Museum…

We have had some great sessions with volunteers over the last months. In May Silke Ackermann, the Museum’s Director, showed the team how an astrolabe worked and practised her Arabic. In June we took out some of the Museum’s objects for a handling session. The objects acted as a focus point for our discussions and we learnt a lot from each other.

Group of volunteers sitting and standing around a table looking at brass astronomical instruments.

Abdullah, Nuha, Cheryl, Rana, Thabo, Megan and Rachel looking at objects. © Tammam Aboukerech.

“I am really happy to be involved – talking and learning about the collection. Getting to learn about these objects from Arabic speakers is amazing.”

“this is the first time I have sat at a table and talked with people from Syria and Iraq. I have enjoyed it today”

“I was really happy because I did some research about these astrolabes and it was great to share it with others today, I was really pleased to do this.”

And Out and About with Multaka-Oxford!

We have also been running activities elsewhere in the city. On Sunday 17 June we went to Oxford Mela 2018 in Blackbird Leys.

“It was a great opportunity to participate in Oxford Mela as a project volunteer. As Multaka-Oxford represents the interchange of diverse cultural and historical experiences through museums as a meeting point, participation is especially important because it helps us see the beauty in diversity and brings about more tolerance and acceptance.
It was my first experience with Multaka to share knowledge, display the Museum objects and give some details about these objects. I hope we did our best to address people in clear and simple language.”

Mohammed – project volunteer

Choosing Objects

On our Tumblr page we have shared objects that mean something to us. Rana Ibrahim, Museum History of Science Collections Officer for Multaka-Oxford, chose an astrolabe by Khalil Muhammad ibn Hasan `Ali:

“For the month of May 2018, I have chosen this small incredible astrolabe to celebrate the Islamic month of Ramadan, the ‘Month of God’. I admire this object very much and I consider it one of my favourites … One of the reasons that this object is my favourite is because of the Quranic inscription of ‘Ayat Al- Kursi’ (The Throne Verse) engraved on the brass, which is a very significant verse in the Quran.”

Read more about Rana’s choice in English and Arabic

Abdullah, one of our volunteers, chose the Museum’s astrolabe with a geared calendar by Muhammad b. Abi Bakr.

“I chose the oldest complete geared astrolabe as I want to find out about the history of Islam through it. I want to find answers to my questions, such as who made it, how was it made, what is for, and more. It is a very interesting museum.”

Read more about Abdullah’s choice

 

You can keep up to date with our news and see more objects on our Tumblr page, or by following the hashtag #multakaoxford on Twitter.

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Posted in: Astrolabes, Collections, Multaka-Oxford, Outreach Tagged: islam, islamic instruments, multaka-oxford, museums, outreach, volunteers
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